I found instructions here for changing fonts in Oracle SQL Developer (OSD) menus and trees, but being sloppy caused me to struggled a bit.
(Story of my life ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ )
A couples things that should probably have been obvious, but were cheerfully ignored by the idiot with a laptop (Dr. Who Reference) :
1) Before making any changes, shut down Oracle SQL Developer.
This is important because the file gets overwritten when OSD is closed.
2) Make the recommended changes to the file at:
C:\Users\NOTE*: AppData is a hidden file.\AppData*\Roaming\SQL Developer\system19.2.1.247.2212\o.sqldeveloper\ide.properties
In Windows Explorer, go to view and make sure hidden files are enabled.
NOTE: This was true for OSD Version 19.2.1.247, Build 247.2212
The system19* folder details may change for previous or subsequent releases
3) Start OSD and enjoy not having to squint at your connection data ;-)
Another quick note: If Oracle would open-source OSD, I would be happy to add a menu item that would set this font. This is an example of the ways in which OSD, which is a FANTASTIC TOOL all things considered, nonetheless feels just sort of unfinished.
Big thanks to Jeff Smith for publishing instructions on this topic. :-D